E-Book

E-Book 3rd Congress

  • Problematic liver: Glibert's syndrome as a result of enzyme deficiency and its biochemical association with diabetes
  • sadaf Mahdavi,1 Setare Molavi tanha,2 Tara Esmaeeli,3 Issa Layali,4,*
    1. Bachelor’s student, cellular and molecular biology group, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
    2. Bachelor’s student, cellular and molecular biology group, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
    3. Bachelor’s student, Microbiology group, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
    4. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.


  • Introduction: Gilbert's Syndrome, a condition characterized by elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, is a relatively common inherited disorder. In this Manuscript, we will explore the intersection between Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus, discussing the potential implications for those affected by both conditions. It is primarily caused by a deficiency in an enzyme called UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, responsible for the conjugation of bilirubin in the liver. Although it is generally considered a benign condition, recent studies have indicated potential associations between Gilbert's syndrome and other medical conditions. This enzyme called UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), is responsible for conjugating bilirubin to make it soluble for excretion.
  • Methods: This article uses an extensive search of PubMed - NCBI and Google Scholar databases - and the study of almost 15 articles and an analysis of the studies done in the last ten years on this issue.
  • Results: In individuals with Gilbert's syndrome, the activity of UGT1A1 is reduced, resulting in higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. Symptoms of Gilbert's Syndrome Typically, individuals with Gilbert's syndrome do not experience any significant symptoms and are often unaware of the condition. The jaundice usually occurs during periods of stress, illness, fasting, or after consuming certain medications or alcohol. Linking Gilbert's Syndrome with Diabetes Mellitus Recent studies have suggested a potential association between Gilbert's syndrome and diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose regulation. As a result, individuals with Gilbert's Syndrome experience mild jaundice and elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. While the pathophysiology of the association between Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus is not yet fully understood, several studies have indicated a connection between the two conditions. One hypothesis suggests that impaired liver function resulting from Gilbert's Syndrome may play a role in the development of Diabetes Mellitus. The liver plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and any dysfunction in this process can contribute to insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation. Research has also revealed a potential genetic link between Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus. Certain genetic variations associated with Gilbert's Syndrome have been found to increase the risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus. However, more studies are needed to establish a concrete connection between these two conditions. Individuals who have both Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus face unique challenges. Firstly, the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus may be complicated by the presence of Gilbert's Syndrome. Elevated bilirubin levels can interfere with common laboratory tests used to assess glycemic control, such as the Hemoglobin A1c test. Healthcare professionals must be aware of these limitations to ensure accurate diagnosis and management of Diabetes Mellitus in patients with Gilbert's Syndrome. Furthermore, the coexistence of Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus may have implications for treatment strategies. Medications that are metabolized in the liver may have altered pharmacokinetics in individuals with Gilbert's Syndrome, potentially impacting drug efficacy and safety. Close monitoring of medication dosages and liver function is vital to prevent adverse effects and optimize the management of both conditions. Gilbert's Syndrome, a benign inherited disorder characterized by elevated bilirubin levels, has been associated with various comorbidities, including Diabetes Mellitus. While the exact link between the two conditions is still being investigated, current evidence suggests a potential interplay between impaired liver function and genetic factors. The coexistence of Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus poses unique challenges in terms of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Healthcare professionals must be aware of these challenges and tailor their approach accordingly, ensuring optimal glycemic control and minimizing the risks associated with medication metabolism.
  • Conclusion: Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the relationship between Gilbert's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus. By expanding our knowledge in this field, we can enhance patient care and strive for more personalized approaches to managing these interconnected conditions.
  • Keywords: Gilbert's Syndrome/ Diabetes Mellitus/ UDP-glucuronosyl transferase/ bilirubin