E-Book

E-Book 3rd Congress

  • Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and its Role in Driving Merkel Cell Carcinoma Development: A Comprehensive Review
  • Fatemeh Kheyri,1,*
    1. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch


  • Introduction: In the intricate landscape of cancer etiology, viruses have emerged as significant contributors, accounting for approximately 15% of all human cancers. This review delves into the realm of human tumor viruses, exploring the diverse world of RNA and DNA viruses implicated in oncogenesis. Notably, the spotlight shines on Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), the most recent addition to this viral cohort, intricately linked to a formidable adversary – Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). As we navigate the complexities of MCPyV and its association with MCC, this article unfolds a narrative that traverses the historical delineation of MCC, the molecular intricacies of MCPyV, and the critical interplay between viral infection and the host immune response. Join us on this expedition to unravel the mysteries surrounding the nexus of viruses and cancer, with a specific focus on the enigmatic alliance between MCPyV and the development of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Methods: The methods section of this review article primarily involves the comprehensive analysis of existing literature, molecular studies, and clinical observations related to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and its association with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The following methods were employed in gathering and synthesizing information for this review: 1. Literature Review: - Extensive review of scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and relevant academic journals, to identify studies, articles, and reviews related to MCPyV and MCC. - Inclusion of seminal works, recent publications, and studies with significant contributions to the understanding of MCPyV, MCC, and their interplay. 2. Data Collection and Analysis: - Compilation of data regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, and mortality statistics of MCC. - In-depth analysis of molecular characteristics, genome structure, and protein expression of MCPyV, with a focus on the early and late transcriptional units. 3. Virological Studies: - Investigation of virological aspects, including the identification and characterization of MCPyV as a naked double-stranded DNA virus. - Evaluation of the viral genome structure, transcriptional units, and protein products to elucidate their role in viral replication and association with MCC. 4. Clinical Observations studies: - Exploration of clinical observations related to MCC, including disease incidence, mortality rates, and comparisons with other well-known cancers. 5. Host-Pathogen Interaction Studies: - In-depth analysis of studies exploring the interaction between MCPyV and the host immune system, emphasizing the role of immune responses in MCC tumorigenesis. 6. Integration of Additional Evidence: - Incorporation of additional evidence, such as cases of spontaneous tumor regression and the presence of tumor-reactive T cells, to support the involvement of the immune system in MCPyV-driven MCC tumor development. By employing these methods, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of knowledge surrounding MCPyV and its intricate relationship with the development of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Results: This review highlights the important role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive skin cancer. Key findings include the association of MCPyV with MCC, the high mortality rate of MCC, the unique molecular characteristics of MCPyV, the virological complexity of MCPyV in tumorigenesis, the serological dynamics and immune response to MCPyV, the role of the host immune response in MCC tumorigenesis, and the supportive evidence for immune involvement in MCPyV-associated MCC. These results contribute to a better understanding of MCPyV and MCC and can guide further research and advancements in treatment.
  • Conclusion: This review highlights the strong connection between viruses and cancer, with around 15% of human cancers being caused by viruses. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a significant factor in the development of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive skin cancer, being associated with approximately 80% of MCC cases. Understanding MCPyV is crucial due to its clinical significance. The virus has unique genomic characteristics and plays a complex role in viral replication and interaction with host cells. Early exposure to MCPyV in childhood is linked to the development of MCC, and the host immune response plays a pivotal role in the disease. Research on MCPyV and its interaction with the immune system holds promise for future diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in treating Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Keywords: Merkel cell polyomavirus, Merkel cell carcinoma, MCPyV genome, MCPyV Seroprevalence patterns