E-Book

E-Book 3rd Congress

  • A comprehensive review of the clinical biomarkers in gastric cancer
  • Fatemeh jeldani,1,*
    1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Siences, Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Guilan, Iran.


  • Introduction: Abnormal growth in the cells of any part of the stomach causes gastric cancer (GC). According to the database of research, GC is presently the 5th most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. This cancer caused 9.6 million deaths worldwide. Infection with microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori, eating habits, obesity, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and the use of NSAIDs are risk factors for stomach cancer. A biomarker is a characteristic element which objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Therefore diagnostic techniques related to cancer biomarkers in addition to helping early diagnosis of cancer, in the fields of investigating cancer progression, response to cancer treatment, and recurrence of cancer are beneficial. This study aims to review existing knowledge on the clinical, and biomolecular biomarkers in gastric cancer.
  • Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and other databases to discover published articles related to clinical biomarkers in gastric cancer with search terms included, clinical biomarkers, gastric cancer, miRNA, diagnosis, prognosis, and related keywords. Several articles were found in the surveyed databases. Only the most relevant ones were published in high-impact factor journals were selected.
  • Results: based on our results, disturbances in gene expression, DNA methylation, and non-coding regulatory RNAs can contribute to the initiation and development of gastric cancer. Currently, the most widely used markers for stomach cancer diagnosis in clinical practice are CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4. Some genes such as FCER1G, MRPL14, SOSTDC1, TYROBP, and C3 are expressed at a high level and associated with the occurrence of GC in H. pylori infection. Another important parameter in the development of various cancers is DNA methylation changes. Defective DNA methylation in CDH1, CHFR, DAPK, GSTP1, p15, p16, RARβ, RASSF1A, RUNX3, and TFPI2 has been considered as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of GC. Up-regulation of 14 miRNAs particularly miR-21, miR-30b, and miR-26b are associated with gastric cancer.
  • Conclusion: Many biological molecules such as genes, proteins, and miRNA can be applied as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and novel molecular therapies in gastric cancer. Overall, this review highlights the significant clinical biomarkers in gastric cancer.
  • Keywords: clinical biomarkers, gastric cancer, miRNA, diagnosis, prognosis