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  • Highly effective anti microbial properties of biogenic CuSe nanoparticles mediated Rumex alveollatus aqueous extract against Streptococcus mutans and entrococcus fecalis on the dental surfaces
  • Maryam Karkhane,1,* Abdolrazagh Marzban,2 Ameneh Marzban,3
    1. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
    2. Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
    3. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


  • Introduction: Metal nanoparticles have gained attention as antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and non-specific bacterial toxicity mechanisms [1]. These nanoparticles do not bind to a specific receptor in the bacterial cell, making it difficult for bacteria to develop resistance. There are several significant antimicrobial mechanisms of metal nanoparticles such as generation of reactive oxygen species and cation release, which both can cause bacterial cell damaging; Biomolecule damage lead to inhibition of bacterial cell growth; ATP depletion and Membrane interaction subsequently death of bacterial cells. Various types of nanoparticles have been studied for their antimicrobial properties, including silver, gold, zinc oxide, copper, and copper oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be used in various applications, such as antibiotherapy, antifungal therapy, and antiviral therapy. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity and to develop effective strategies for their application in medicine and other fields. Some of biocidal nanomaterials have longer-time bacterial effects. Among these materials, copper selenide (CuSe) have shown highly effects antimicrobial effects. CuSe nanoparticles have been synthesized using different methods such as rapid injection approach, chemical bath deposition, direct vapor transport-grown compound, and chemical precipitation method. However, Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can be synthesized using plant extracts in a process known as green synthesis, which is more environmentally friendly and offers improved properties of the synthesized nanoparticles in terms of biocompatibility and functional capabilities. Several studies have evaluated the antibacterial activity of Rumex alveollatus extracts against various bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The extracts of Rumex alveollatus have been found to have significant inhibitory effects on these bacterial strains, with the methanol and ethanol extracts showing the most potent antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of Rumex alveollatus extracts has been attributed to the presence of anthraquinones and flavonoids, which have been shown to have antibacterial, bacteriostatic, antiviral, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. The synthesis of copper selenide (CuSe) nanoparticles using Rumex alveollatus plant extract is not directly addressed in the previous existing studies. Thus, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of copper selenide (CuSe) bio-synthesized by Rumex alveollatus extract especially against dental bacteria such as streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis.
  • Methods: 2.1.Preparation of extract from Rumex alveollatus The extraction was performed based on aqueous extraction by 10g of dried Rumex alveollatus in 100 ml distilled water which overnight incubated in 50°c. Then the purified extract was dried in 50°c. 2.2. Biosynthesized of CuSe NPs coated by Rumex alveollatus extraction We prepared A solution contained 200mg of Rumex alveollatus extraction per 50 cc distilled water and B solution with 0.2 g sodium selenide and 0.2 g sodium solphide per 50 cc distilled water. Both were mixed on thermo stirrer that adjusted on 80°c and mild rotation for 3hours. Final solution was dried in 60° c. 2.3. The evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration The effect of RA-CuSeNPs on S. mutans and entococcus fecalis was examined by the microdilution method. The results were defined as minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Briefly, a two-fold serial dilution of samples was prepared in 96-well polystyrene plates containing TPY broth (200 µL/well). RA-CsNPs were tested at the range of 400 to 50 μg/mL. A 20 µL of bacterial cell suspensions were inoculated into each plate well (5 × 107 cfu/mL). Bacterial growth was monitored in an anaerobic incubator (20% CO2, 80% N2, 37 °C, 24 h). Firstly supernatant was removed and TTC was added to each well,and cell absorbance was measured at 595 nm.
  • Results: The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was defined as the lowest concentration of the agent that showed 50% or more inhibition on the bacterial growth. The range of MIC is 200 μg/mL for S. mutans and 250 μg/mL is related to E. fecalis.
  • Conclusion: A efficient CuSe NPs biosynthesized by AR extraction has shown effective anti microbial properties against both streptococcus mutans and entrococcus fecalis. The results of this study proposed prospective view for further of cu-Se –AR nanoparticles in Oral hygiene products and oral therapeutic materials.
  • Keywords: copper selenide nanoparticles, green synthesis, Rumex alveollatus, anti bacterial properties.