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  • Apoptosis induction by Ganoderic Acid-A via increase Autophagy-Related Genes in Nalm-6 cells
  • Hanie Shafiee,1,* Gholamhossein Tamaddon,2 Reza Fotouhi,3
    1. Department of Hematology and Blood bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz university of medical Sciences, Shiraz,Iran
    2. Department of Hematology and Blood bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz university of medical Sciences, Shiraz,Iran
    3. Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicin, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.


  • Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia in children, which is associated with a high relapse rate despite prevalent therapies. Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is one of the bioactive compounds of Ganoderma lucidum, which possesses potential antileukemic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the GAA extract on the expression of autophagic genes and the autophagy induction in the ALL cell line.
  • Methods: NALM-6 cells were cultured in vitro, and the optimal treatment concentration of GAA was determined by an MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the death of NALM-6 cells caused by GAA treatment by utilizing FITC-conjugated propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining. The expression levels of autophagic genes LC3, BECLIN, ATG5, ATG10, FIB200, and AMBRA before and after treatment with GAA were monitored using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  • Results: The results of the MTT test indicated that the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of leukemic cells after 48 hours of treatment with G. lucidum is 140 μg/mL. In addition, the flow cytometry results showed an increase of 40.5% in apoptosis and death of cells at a 140-μg/mL concentration of GAA after 48 hours. Besides, GAA treatment up regulated expression levels of LC3 (P = 0.024), BECLIN (P = 0.035), ATG5 (P = 0.024), ATG10 (P = 0.024), FIB200 (P = 0.024), AMBRA (P = 0.024) in NALM-6 compared to the control groups.
  • Conclusion: GAA can induce apoptosis in NALM-6. It also increases the expression of autophagy genes.
  • Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Ganoderic Acid A, Autophagy